tuurista birtaayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay warshadaha iyo mishiinada tan iyo aasaaskii casriga ahaa ee la aasaasay. Xataa wakhtigan xaadirka ah, birta ayaa wali door muhiim ah ka ciyaarta baabuurta xamuulka ah, baabuurta xamuulka qaada ee tareenada, cagaf-cagafyada, mishiinada dhismaha, qalabka culus...iwm. Birta shubka ah waxaa ka mid ah birta cawl, birta ductile (nodular), birta cad, birta garaafka isku duuban iyo birta malleable. Birta cawlku way ka raqiisan tahay birta ductile-ka, laakiin waxa ay aad uga hooseeysaa tabar iyo ductility marka loo eego birta ductile. Birta cawl ma beddeli karto birta kaarboonka, halka birta ductile ay bedeli karto birta kaarboon xaaladaha qaarkood sababtoo ah xoogga xajinta sare, dhalida xoogga iyo dhererka birta ductile.
shubista birta kaarboonwaxaa loo isticmaalaa dhowr codsiyo warshadeed iyo deegaan sidoo kale. Darajooyinkooda tirada badan, birta kaarboon waxa lagu daawayn karaa kulayl si loo hagaajiyo wax-soosaarkeeda iyo xooggeeda adkaysiga, qallafsanaanta ama ductility baahida codsiga injineernimada ama sifooyinka farsamada ee la doonayo. Qaar ka mid ah darajooyinka hoose ee birta shubka ah waxaa lagu beddeli karaa birta ductile, ilaa iyo inta ay xooggooda xajin iyo dhererkoodu ku filan yihiin. Isbarbardhigga sifadooda makaanikada, waxaan tixraaci karnaa shayga ASTM A536 ee birta ductile, iyo ASTM A27 ee birta kaarboonka.
Heerka u dhigma ee birta Kaarboonka Cast | ||||||||||
Maya | Shiinaha | USA | ISO | Jarmalka | Faransiiska | Russia гост | Sweden SS | Britain | ||
GB | ASTM | UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | NF | BS | ||||
1 | ZG200-400 (ZG15) | 415-205 (60-30) | J03000 | 200-400 | GS-38 | 1.0416 | - | 15l | 1306 | - |
2 | ZG230-450 (ZG25) | 450-240 965-35) | J03101 | 230-450 | GS-45 | 1.0446 | GE230 | 25l | 1305 | A1 |
3 | ZG270-500 (ZG35) | 485-275 (70-40) | J02501 | 270-480 | GS-52 | 1.0552 | GE280 | 35l | 1505 | A2 |
4 | ZG310-570 (ZG45) | (80-40) | J05002 | - | GS-60 | 1.0558 | GE320 | 45l | 1606 | - |
5 | ZG340-640 (ZG55) | - | J05000 | 340-550 | - | - | GE370 | - | - | A5 |
Qaybaha shubka birtawaxay leeyihiin waxqabad nuugista shoogga oo ka wanaagsan birta kaarboonka, halka shubka birta kaarboon ay leeyihiin alxanka aad uga wanaagsan. Iyo ilaa xad, shubista ductile iorn waxay yeelan kartaa qaar ka mid ah bandhigyada u adkaysta xidhashada iyo miridhku. Markaa shubista birta ductile waxaa loo isticmaali karaa qaar ka mid ah guryaha bamka ama nidaamyada biyaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan wali u baahanahay inaan sameyno taxadar si aan uga ilaalino xirashada iyo miridhku. Marka guud ahaan marka la hadlo, haddii birta ductile ay buuxin karto shuruudahaaga, birta ductile waxay noqon kartaa doorashadaada koowaad, halkii aad ka heli lahayd birta kaarboon ee shubka.
Darajo u dhiganta ee kabka birta Ductile | ||||||||||
Maya | Shiinaha | Japan | USA | ISO | Jarmal | Faransiiska | Russia гост | UK BS | ||
GB | JIS | ASTM | UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | NF | ||||
1 | FCD350-22 | - | - | 350-22 | - | - | - | BCH35 | 350/22 | |
2 | QT400-15 | FCD400-15 | - | - | 400-15 | GGG-40 | 0.7040 | EN-GJS-400-15 | BCH40 | 370/17 |
3 | QT400-18 | FCD400-18 | 60-40-18 | F32800 | 400-18 | - | - | EN-GJS-400-18 | - | 400/18 |
4 | QT450-10 | FCD450-10 | 65-45-12 | F33100 | 450-10 | - | - | EN-GJS-450-10 | BCH45 | 450/10 |
5 | QT500-7 | FCD500-7 | 80-55-6 | F33800 | 500-7 | GGG-50 | 0.7050 | EN-GJS-500-7 | BCH50 | 500/7 |
6 | QT600-3 | FCD600-3 | ≈80-55-06 ≈100-70-03 | F3300 F34800 | 600-3 | GGG-60 | 0.7060 | EN-GJS-600-3 | Bч60 | 600/3 |
7 | QT700-2 | FCD700-2 | 100-70-03 | F34800 | 700-2 | GGG-70 | 0.7070 | EN-GJS-700-2 | BCH70 | 700/2 |
8 | QT800-2 | FCD800-2 | 120-90-02 | F36200 | 800-2 | GGG-80 | 0.7080 | EN-GJS-800-2 | BCH80 | 800/2 |
8 | QT900-2 | 120-90-02 | F36200 | 800-2 | GGG-80 | 0.7080 | EN-GJS-900-2 | ≈Bч100 | 900/2 |
Habka shubista birta ee casriga ah waxa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: shubista la bixin karo iyo kuwa aan la bixin karin. Waxa kale oo sii jajabiya walxaha caaryada ah, sida tuurista ciidda, shubista dhumucda ama shubista caaryada birta ah. Sida nooc ka mid ah habka shubista saxda ah, themaalgelintakaas oo isticmaala xal silica ah iyo shubida dhalada biyaha ah ama dammaanadooda isku dhafan sida qalabka dhismaha qolofka ayaa inta badan lagu isticmaalo RMC Casting Foundry si loo soo saaro shubida birta kaarboon. Hababka saxnaanta ee kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale la heli karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo heerka saxda ah ee loo baahan yahay ee qaybaha shubista. Tusaale ahaan, dhalada biyaha iyo silica sol isku darka habka shubista maalgelinta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa shubista birta heerka hoose ama dhexe ee saxda ah, halka hababka shubista silica Sol ay tahay in loo isticmaalo shubista birta aan fiicnayn oo leh darajada saxda ah ee loo baahan yahay.
Hanti | Birta Cast cawlan | Bir dhalaalaysa | Ductile Cast Iron | C30 Birta Kaarboon |
Heerkulka dhalaalay, ℃ | 1175 | 1200 | 1150 | 1450 |
Cufisjiid gaar ah, kg/m³ | 6920 | 6920 | 6920 | 7750 |
Gariir qoyn | Sareeye | Wacan | Wacan | Miskiin |
Hababka barti, MPa | 126174 | 175126 | 173745 | 210290 |
Modolus of rigidiy, MPa | 48955 | 70329 | 66190 | 78600 |
Si loo soo saaro birta caadada ah iyoshubista birtasida ku cad sawirada macmiishadu waa qaybtayada muhiimka ah ee adeega shubista saxda ah laakiin maaha adeegayada kaliya. Dhab ahaantii, waxaanu bixinaa adeegyada shubista birta oo hal-joojin ah oo leh adeegyo qiimo leh oo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan naqshadaynta,Mashiinka saxda ah ee CNC, daaweynta kulaylka, dhammayn dusha sare, ururinta, baakaynta, dhoofinta...iwm. Waxaad dooran kartaa dhammaan adeegyadan wax-ka-bixinta iyadoo loo eegayo waayo-aragnimadaada ama kaalmada injineeradayada wax-shubka ee saxda ah. Ka sokow, waxaan u ilaalinaa sirta macaamiisha sida shayga ugu muhiimsan ee adeegga loo habeeyay OEM. NDA waa la saxeexi doonaa oo waa la shaabadayn doonaa haddii loo baahdo.
Habka Qaadashada Maalgelinta
Aasaaska Maalgelinta ee Shiinaha
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-14-2021