Guryaynta birta cawlan ee gaarka ah iyadoo maalgalin lagu shubayo iyoMashiinka CNC.
Bir cawlan, amabirta cawlan, waa nooc ka mid ah birta shubka ah oo leh qaab-dhismeed yar oo garaafka ah. Waad ku mahadsan tahay fududaynta mashiinnada, xoogga cadaadiska sarreeya, kuleylka kulaylka wanaagsan iyo nuugista gariirka aadka u fiican, birta cawl-cawlan waa mid ka mid ah birta tuurista ee aadka loo isticmaalo muddo aad u dheer, xitaa wax soo saarka warshadaha hadda jira. Maaddada kaarboonku waa tan ugu muhimsan ee birta cawlan (sida caadiga ah 2% ilaa 4%) si loo abuuro xoog xajin iyo mashiin. Marka birta dhalaalaysa ay xoojiso qaar ka mid ah kaarboonka sida graphite, samaynta jajabyo yaryar oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhex jira qaab dhismeedka birta ee birta taasoo kor u qaadaysa sifooyinka la jecel yahay ee birta shubka ah, jajabyadu waxay carqaladeeyaan qaab dhismeedka crystal taasoo horseedaysa jajabnaanta sifada birta.
Astaamaha Makaanikada ee Cast Gray Iron | ||||||
Xooga Jilicsan ee Si gooni ah Tusaalooyinka Biraha Kabka Cawlan | ||||||
| Magacaabista Agabka | GG-10, EN-GJL-100 | GG-15, EN-GJL-150 | GG-20, EN-GJL-200 | GG-25, EN-GJL-250 | GG-30, EN-GJL-300 | GG-35, EN-GJL-350 |
| Xoogga Jilitaanka (MPa) | ≥100 | ≥150 | ≥200 | ≥250 | ≥300 | ≥350 |
Awooda Xoojinta Tusaalaha Kabka Biraha ee Cawlan | ||||||
| Magacaabista Agabka | Dhumucda darbiga jibbaarada (mm) | Xoog Xasilloonida (MPa) ≥ | ||||
| Tusaalaha Baar Dia. (mm) | Tusaalaha Block (mm) | Jilayaasha (Tixraac) | ||||
| φ30 | φ50 | R15 | R25 | |||
| HT150, GG-15, EN-GJL-150 | 20-40 | 130 | / | 120 | / | 120 |
| 40-80 | 115 | 115 | 110 | / | 105 | |
| 80-150 | / | 105 | / | 100 | 90 | |
| 150-300 | / | 100 | / | 90 | 80 | |
| HT200, GG-20, EN-GJL-200 | 20-40 | 180 | / | 170 | / | 165 |
| 40-80 | 160 | 155 | 150 | / | 145 | |
| 80-150 | / | 145 | / | 140 | 130 | |
| 150-300 | / | 135 | / | 130 | 120 | |
| HT250, GG-25, EN-GJL-250 | 20-40 | 220 | / | 210 | / | 205 |
| 40-80 | 200 | 190 | 190 | / | 180 | |
| 80-150 | / | 180 | / | 170 | 165 | |
| 150-300 | / | 165 | / | 160 | 150 | |
| HT300, GG-30, EN-GJL-300 | 20-40 | 260 | / | 250 | / | 245 |
| 40-80 | 235 | 230 | 225 | / | 215 | |
| 80-150 | / | 210 | / | 200 | 195 | |
| 150-300 | / | 195 | / | 185 | 180 | |
| HT350, GG-35, EN-GJL-350 | 20-40 | 300 | / | 290 | / | 285 |
| 40-80 | 270 | 265 | 260 | / | 255 | |
| 80-150 | / | 240 | / | 230 | 225 | |
| 150-300 | / | 215 | / | 210 | 205 | |
Xoojinta Xoojinta Birta Cawlan ee Dhumucda Darbiga ee Kala Duwan | ||||||
| Dhumucda gidaarka tuurista (mm) | Magacaabista Agabka | |||||
| GG-10, EN-GJL-100 | GG-15, EN-GJL-150 | GG-20, EN-GJL-200 | GG-25, EN-GJL-250 | GG-30, EN-GJL-300 | GG-35, EN-GJL-350 | |
| Xoog Xasilloonida (MPa) ≥ | ||||||
| 2.5-4.0 | 130 | 175 | 220 | / | / | / |
| 4.0-10 | 270 | |||||
| 10-20 | 100 | 145 | 195 | 240 | 290 | 340 |
| 20-30 | 90 | 130 | 170 | 220 | 250 | 290 |
| 30-50 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 200 | 230 | 260 |
Birta shubka, oo ay ku jirto birta cawlan iyo birta ductile (nodular) ee kabka ah ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa shubista hababkaciid tuurid, tuurista qolofka qolofka, tuurista ciidda dahaarka leh ama tuurista xumbo lumin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xaaladaha gaarka ah qaarkood, habka shubista maalgashiga dhunka ee lumay ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dusha sare iyo saxnaanta sare awgeed. RMC, waxaanu sidoo kale leenahay awooda aad ugu shubida birta cawl iyo ductilemaal-gelintaiyadoo la isticmaalayo silica sol iyo galaaska biyaha si loo dhiso qolof.
Marka birta la shubo si tartiib ah loo qaboojiyo, sibidhku waxa uu u kala baxaa birta iyo kaarboonka oo ah qaab garaaf ah oo loo yaqaan garaafka. Biraha shubka ah halka boqolkiiba badan ee sibidhku ku kala go'o garaafka garaafka waxa loo yaqaannaa birta cawlan. Birta shubka taas oo garaafayntu aanay dhicin, i. e, dhammaan kaarboonku waxay ku jiraan qaabka la isku daray, waxaa loo yaqaannaa birta kabka ah ee cad. Habka garaafaynta waxay u baahan tahay wakhti, sidaas darteed, marka birta shubka dareeraha ah si degdeg ah loo qaboojiyo, birta cad ee kabka ayaa dhalin doonta. Birta cad ee shubka cad waxa ay la mid tahay kuwa birta kaarboonka sare leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aad bay u jajaban tahay oo sidaas oo kale looma isticmaalo qaybaha qaabdhismeedka. Waxay faa'iido u leedahay qaybo ka mid ah meelaha ay ku jiraan xirashada xoqidda. Awoodda xajintu way kala duwan tahay inta u dhaxaysa 170 ilaa 345 MPa oo badiyaa waa ilaa 240 MPa. Adaggu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 350 ilaa 500 BHN. Marka la eego adkaanta aadka u saraysa, mashiinada ayaa liidata waxaana caadi ahaan lagu dhameeyaa shiidi.
| Isbarbardhigga Birta Cawlan | Dhumucda dhumucda/mm | Halabuurka Kiimikada () | |||||||
| Shiinaha (GB/T 9439-1988) | ISO 185:1988 | USA ASTM A48/A48M-03 (2008) | Yurub (EN 1561: 1997) | C | Si | Mn | P ≦ | S ≦ | |
| HT100 (HT10-26) | 100 | No.20 F11401 | GJL-100 JL-1010 | - | 3.4-3.9 | 2.1-2.6 | 0.5-0.8 | 0.3 | 0.15 |
| HT150 (HT15-33) | 150 | No.25A F11701 | GJL-150 JL-1020 | 30 30-50 ：50 | 3.3-3.5 3.2-3.5 3.2-3.5 | 2.0-2.4 1.9-2.3 1.8-2.2 | 0.5-0.8 0.5-0.8 0.6-0.9 | 0.2 | 0.12 |
| HT200 (HT20-40) | 200 | No.30A F12101 | GJL-200 JL-1030 | 30 30-50 ：51 | 3.2-3.5 3.1-3.4 3.0-3.3 | 1.6-2.0 1.5-1.8 1.4-1.6 | 0.7-0.9 0.8-1.0 0.8-1.0 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| HT250 (HT25-47) | 250 | No.35A F12401 No.40A F12801 | GJL-250 JL-1040 | 30 30-50 ：52 | 3.0-3.3 2.9-3.2 2.8-3.1 | 1.4-1.7 1.3-1.6 1.2-1.5 | 0.8-1.0 0.9-1.1 1.0-1.2 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| HT300 (HT30-54) | 300 | No.45A F13301 | GJL-300 JL-1050 | 30 30-50 ：53 | 2.9-3.2 2.9-3.2 2.8-3.1 | 1.4-1.7 1.2-1.5 1.1-1.4 | 0.8-1.0 0.9-1.1 1.0-1.2 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| HT350 (HT35-61) | 350 | No.50A F13501 | GJL-350 JL-1060 | 30 30-50 ：54 | 2.8-3.1 2.8-3.1 2.7-3.0 | 1.3-1.6 1.2-1.5 1.1-1.4 | 1.0-1.3 1.0-1.3 1.1-1.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Ku shubista maalgashiga (ama shubista dhunka) waxa loola jeedaa samaynta dhoobada agagaarka qaababka dhuka si loo abuuro qaybo badan ama hal qayb si loo helo bir dhalaalaysa. Habkani waxa uu adeegsadaa habka qaabaynta qaabaynta irbada la isticmaali karo si loo gaadho qaabab adag oo leh tayo sare oo gaar ahs. Qaadista saxda ahwaxay gaari kartaa saxnaan gaar ah oo loogu talagalay qaybaha yar yar iyo kuwa waaweyn ee wax tuurista ee agabyo kala duwan.
Si loo sameeyo caaryada, qaabka dhuka, ama kooxda qaababka, ayaa lagu rusheeyaa walxaha dhoobada dhowr jeer si loo dhiso qolof qaro weyn. Geedi socodka de-wax ka dibna waxaa raacaya habka qallajinta qolofka. Qolfoofka dhoobada ah ee aan wax-ka-yarayn ayaa markaa la soo saarayaa. Birta dhalaalaysa ayaa markaas lagu shubaa godadka qolofka dhoobada ah ama kooxda, oo marka ay adag tahay oo la qaboojiyo, qolofta dhoobada waa la jejebiyaa si ay u muujiso shayga ugu dambeeya ee birta ah.
| Xogta Farsamada Kaabista Maalgelinta ee RMC | |
| R&D | Software: Solidworks, CAD, Procast, Pro-e |
| Waqtiga Hogaaminta Horumarinta iyo Tusaalooyinka: 25 ilaa 35 maalmood | |
| Birta dhalaalaysa | Ferritic steel Steel, Martensitic Stainless Steel,Austenitic ahama, Roobka Adkeynta Birta Aanaylahayn, Duplex Steel steel |
| Birta Kaarboon, Birta Aloyiga ah, Birta Qalabka, Birta U adkaysata Kulaylka, | |
| Alloy-saldhig Nickle, Aluminium Alloy, Copper-saldhig Alloy, Cobalt-saldhig Alloy | |
| Heerka Birta | ISO, GB, ASTM, SAE, GOST EN, DIN, JIS, BS |
| Qalabka Dhismaha Shell | Silica Sol (Silica Roobka leh) |
| Muraayadaha Biyaha (Sodium Silicate) | |
| Isku dhafka Silica Sol iyo Muraayadaha Biyaha | |
| Qiyaasta Farsamada | Culayska Qaybta: 2 garaam ilaa 200 kiilo garaam |
| Cabirka ugu badan: 1,000 mm dhexroorka ama Dhererka | |
| Dhumucda ugu yar ee gidaarka: 1.5mm | |
| Qalafsanaanta jilitaanka: Ra 3.2-6.4, Qalafsanaanta Mashiinka: Ra 1.6 | |
| Dulqaadka Kaabista: VDG P690, D1/CT5-7 | |
| Dulqaadka Mashiinnada: ISO 2768-mk/IT6 | |
| Xudunta Gudaha: Xudunta Ceramic, Urea Core, Water Soluble Wax Core | |
| Daawaynta kulaylka | Caadiyan, xamaasad, Demmin, Annealing, Xalka, Carburization. |
| Daaweynta Dusha sare | Toosinta, Bacaad/ Rasaasta Qaraxday, Zinc Plating, Plating Nickel, Daawaynta Oxidation, Fosfatinta, Rinjiyeynta budada, Geormet, Anodizing |
| Imtixaanka cabbirka | CMM, Vernier Caliper, Gudaha Caliper. Gage Qoto dheer, Gajka Dhererka, Go/No go Gage, Qalabyo gaar ah |
| Baadhitaanka Kiimikada | Falanqaynta Isku-dhafka Kiimikada (20 walxood kiimiko ah), Kormeerka Nadaafadda, Baadhitaanka Raajo-Raajada, Falanqeeyaha Kaarboon-Sulfur |
| Kormeerka Jirka | Dheelitirka Firfircoon, Banaynta Joogta ah, Guryaha Makaanikada (Adayg, Xoog Wax Soosaar, Xoog Jiid), Kordhin |
| Awood-soo-saarka | In ka badan 250 tan bishii, in ka badan 3,000 oo tan sanadkii. |
