Ku shubista maalgashiga ( shubista dhunka) waa habka saxda ah ee habka wax loo shubo kaas oo soo saari kara tafaasiisha qaab-dhismeedka adag ee u dhow iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaabaynta shaabka. Ku shubista maalgashiga ama dhunka lumay waa habka samaynta birta oo sida caadiga ah adeegsata qaabka dhuka oo ay ku wareegsan yihiin qolof dhoobada si ay u sameeyaan caaryada dhoobada. Marka qolofku engego, dhukayagu wuu dhalaali doonaa, isaga oo ka tagaya oo kaliya caaryada. Kadibna qaybta wax shubista ayaa la sameeyaa iyadoo lagu shubayo birta dhalaalaysa ee caaryada dhoobada ah.
Marka loo eego xidhayaasha kala duwan ee dhismaha qolofka, shubista maalgelinta waxa loo qaybin karaa shubista maalgelinta silica sol binder, shubista maalgelinta binder binder iyo shubista maalgelinta oo leh isku-darkooda sida qalabka wax lagu xidho.
Muraayadaha biyaha, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Sodium Silicate, waa nooc ka mid ah silicate bir alkali ah oo milma, kaas oo ah dhalo xaalad adag oo sameeya xal galaas biyo ah marka lagu milmo biyaha. Marka loo eego farqiga u dhexeeya biraha alkali ee ku jira, waxaa jira laba nooc oo galaaska biyaha potassium iyo galaaska biyaha soodhaha. Midda dambe si fudud bay ugu milmi kartaa biyaha, waxay ka kooban tahay wasakh yar, waxayna leedahay waxqabad deggan. Sidaa darteed, galaaska biyaha ee shubista maalgashiga waa galaas biyo sodium, kuwaas oo Na20 · mSiO2, A hufan ama translucent kolloidal aqueous xal la sameeyay ka dib markii hydrolysis. Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kiimiko ee galaaska biyaha waa silicon oxide iyo sodium oxide. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale ka kooban tahay qadar yar oo wasakh ah. Muraayadaha biyuhu maaha hal iskudhis, laakiin waa isku-dar iskudhisyo badan.
Habka shubista maalgashiga, muraayadda muraayadda biyaha iyo dahaarka waxay leeyihiin waxqabad xasilloon, qiimo jaban, wareegga gaaban ee samaynta qolofka iyo codsi habboon. Habka samaynta qolofka muraayadda biyaha waxay ku habboon tahay soo saarista shubka maalgashiga sida birta kaarboonka, birta daawaha hooseeya, birta dhoobada, naxaasta iyo aluminiumka aluminium ee u baahan tayada dusha sare.
Qalabka wax lagu shubo ee birta gaarka ahhabka shubista maalgashiga dhunka lumayleh galaas biyo ah (xalka aqueous ee sodium silicate) oo ah agabka xidha ee samaynta qolofka. Tayada qolofka samaynta ayaa saamaynaysa saxnaanta kaabista u dambaysa, sidaa awgeed waa hab aad muhiim u ah inta lagu jiro shubista maalgashiga. Tayada qoloftu waxay si toos ah ula xiriirtaa qallafsanaanta iyo dulqaadka cabbirka tuurista ugu dambeysa. Sidaa darteed, waa hawl muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay aasaaska shubka maalgashiga si ay u doortaan habka wax soo saarka ee ku habboon qolofka caaryada.Marka loo eego xabagyada kala duwan ama qalabka wax lagu xidho ee samaynta qolofka caaryada, caaryada shubista maalgashiga waxaa loo qaybin karaa qolof biyo ah oo dhalada ah, qolofka xabagta silica sol, qolof ethyl silicate iyo qolof ethyl silicate-silica sol isku dhafan. Hababkan qaabaynta ayaa ah hababka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo maal-gelinta.
Caaryada Shell by Water Glass (xalka biyaha ee sodium silicate)
Qaadashada maalgashiga ee ay soo saartay tuurista qolofka dhalooyinka biyaha ayaa leh qallafsanaan sare oo dusha sare ah, saxnaanta cabbirka hooseeya, wareegga samaynta qolofka gaaban iyo qiimo jaban. Habkan waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa in tuurista birta kaarboon, birta daawaha hoose, daawaha aluminium iyo naxaas daawaha.
Caaryada Shell ee Silica Sol Shell ( kala firidhsan walxaha silica-ga ah ee biyaha ama dareeraha)
Dharka maalgashiga silica sol wuxuu leeyahay qallafsanaan hooseeya, saxnaanta cabbirka sare, iyo wareegga samaynta qolofka dheer. Nidaamkan waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa xargaha xargaha xargaha kuleylka leh ee kuleylka u adkaysta, dhejisyada birta ah ee kuleylka leh, dhejisyada birta ah ee kaarboonka, dhejinta aluminiumka aluminiumka iyo dhejisyada naxaasta.
Caaryada Shell ee Ethyl Silicate Shell
Marka la samaynayo maalgelinta, shubista la sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo ethyl silicate sidii xidhe ahaan si qolofku u yeesho qallafsanaan hoose oo dusha sare ah, saxnaanta cabbirka sare, iyo wareegga samaynta qolofka dheer. Habkan waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa shubka daawaha u adkeysiga kulaylka, shubida birta kulaylka u adkaysta, shubka birta ahama, shubida birta kaarboon, shuban daawaha hoose, shubida aluminium aluminium iyo naxaas daawaha naxaas.
Birta kaarboon, birta daawaha hoose, iyo shubida birta qalabka ayaa loo isticmaalaa dhowrcodsiyada warshadahaiyo deegaanka. Darajooyinkooda tirada badan, birta iyo alwaaxdooda ayaa lagu daweyn karaa kulayl si loo hagaajiyo wax-soo-saarkeeda iyo xooggeeda; iyo, ku hagaaji adkaanta ama ductility baahida codsiga injineerka ama qalabka farsamada ee la doonayo.
Dharka maalgashiga birta daawaynta u adkaysta waa qaybaha shubista ee ay soo saartay habka shubista maalgashiga dhuka ee lumay ee ka samaysan birta daawaha u adkaysta. Goobta RMC Foundry, hababka shubista ciidda ugu weyn ee aan u isticmaali karno birta daawaha u adkeysaneysa xirashada waa tuurista ciid cagaaran, shubista ciid dahaarka leh, shubista caaryada ciid aan duban, tuurista xumbo tuurista, shubista faakuumka iyo shubista maalgashiga. Daaweynta kulaylka, daaweynta dusha sare iyo mashiinka CNC ayaa sidoo kale laga heli karaa warshadeena sida sawiradaada iyo shuruudahaaga.
Waxaa ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee daawaynta wax shubidda, birta kabka ee xidhashada u adkaysata waa bir daawaha ah oo aad loo isticmaalo. Kabka u adkaysta xidhashada inta badan waxa ay wanaajisaa caabbinta xidhashada birta iyada oo ku daraysa waxyaabo kala duwan oo ah walxo alloying ah, sida manganese, chromium, carbon, iwm., daawaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, caabbinta xirashada ee dhejisyada birta u adkaysta waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay habka daaweynta kulaylka ee loo isticmaalo aasaaska iyo qaab dhismeedka shubista.
Marka loo eego sifooyinka xirashada ee kala duwan, xirashada dhejinta birta waxaa loo qaybin karaa xirmo xoqan, xirashada koollada, xirashada daalka, xirashada daxalka iyo xirashada xanaaqa. Tuubadaha birta u adkaysta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa goobaha warshadaha leh xaalado shaqo oo adag iyo shuruudaha waxqabadka farsamada sare, sida macdanta, birta, dhismaha, tamarta, kiimikooyinka petrochemical, ilaalinta biyaha, beeraha iyo warshadaha gaadiidka. Tuubbooyinka birta u adkaysta ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa xaaladaha ciribtirka leh ee leh culays saamayn gaar ah leh, sida qalabka wax lagu shiido, kuwa qodaya, burburiyaha, cagafyada, iwm.
Darajo u dhiganta ee birta dahaadhka ah ee loo yaqaan 'Cast Alloy Steel' oo laga helay suuqyo kala duwan | |||||||||
KOOXAHA | AISI | W-stoff | DIN | BS | SS | AFNOR | UNE / IHA | JIS | UNI |
Birta Alloy Low | 9255 | 1.0904 | 55 Si 7 | 250 A 53 | 2090 | 55 S 7 | 56Si7 | - | 5SSi8 |
1335 | 1.1167 | 36 Mn 5 | 150 M 36 | 2120 | 40 M 5 | 36Mn5 | SMn 438 (H) | - | |
1330 | 1.1170 | 28 Mn 6 | 150 M 28 | - | 20 M 5 | - | SCMn1 | C28MN | |
P4 | 1.2341 | X6 CrMo 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
52100 | 1.3505 | 100 Cr 6 | 534 A 99 | 2258 | 100 C 6 | F.131 | SUJ 2 | 100Cr6 | |
A204A | 1.5415 | 15 Mo 3 | 1501 240 | 2912 | 15 D 3 | 16 Mo3 | STBA 12 | 16Mo3 KW | |
8620 | 1.6523 | 21 NiCrMo 2 | 805 M 20 | 2506 | 20 NCD 2 | F.1522 | SNCM 220 (H) | 20NiCrMo2 | |
8740 | 1.6546 | 40NiCrMo22 | 311-Nooca 7 | - | 40 NCD 2 | F.129 | SNCM 240 | 40NiCrMo2(KB) | |
- | 1.6587 | 17CrNiMo6 | 820 A 16 | - | 18 NCD 6 | 14NiCrMo13 | - | - | |
5132 | 1.7033 | 34 Cr 4 | 530 A 32 | - | 32 C 4 | 35Cr4 | SCr430 (H) | 34Cr4 (KB) | |
5140 | 1.7035 | 41 Cr 4 | 530 A 40 | - | 42 C 2 | 42 Cr 4 | SCr 440 (H) | 40Cr4 | |
5140 | 1.7035 | 41 Cr 4 | 530 A 40 | - | 42 C 2 | 42 Cr 4 | SCr 440 (H) | 41Cr4 KB | |
5140 | 1.7045 | 42 Cr 4 | 530 A 40 | 2245 | 42 C 4 TS | F.1207 | SCR 440 | - | |
5115 | 1.7131 | 16 MnCr 5 | (527 M 20) | 2511 | 16 MC 5 | F.1516 | - | 16MnCr5 | |
5155 | 1.7176 | 55 Cr 3 | 527 A 60 | 2253 | 55C 3 | - | SUP 9 (A) | 55Cr3 | |
4130 | 1.7218 | 25CrMo 4 | 1717CDS 110 | 2225 | 25 CD4 | F.1251/55Cr3 | SCM 420 / SCM430 | 25CrMo4 (KB) | |
4135 (4137) | 1.7220 | 35CrMo 4 | 708 A 37 | 2234 | 35 CD4 | 34CrMo 4 | SCM 432 | 34CrMo4KB | |
4142 | 1.7223 | 41CrMo 4 | 708 M 40 | 2244 | 42 CD 4 TS | 42CrMo 4 | SCM 440 | 41CrMo 4 | |
4140 | 1.7225 | 42CrMo 4 | 708 M 40 | 2244 | 40 CD4 | F.1252 | SCM 440 | 40CrMo4 | |
4137 | 1.7225 | 42CrMo 4 | 708 M 40 | 2244 | 42 CD4 | F.1252 | SCM 440 | 42CrMo4 | |
A387 12-2 | 1.7337 | 16CrMo 4 4 | 1501 620 | 2216 | 15 CD 4.5 | - | - | 12CrMo910 | |
- | 1.7361 | 32CrMo12 | 722 M 24 | 2240 | 30 CD 12 | F.124.A | - | 30CrMo12 | |
A182 F-22 | 1.7380 | 10CrMo9 10 | 1501 622 | 2218 | 12 CD 9, 10 | F.155 / TU.H | - | 12CrMo9 10 | |
6150 | 1.8159 | 50 CrV 4 | 735 A 50 | 2230 | 50 CV 4 | F.143 | SUP 10 | 50CrV4 | |
- | 1.8515 | 31CrMo 12 | 722 M 24 | 2240 | 30 CD 12 | F.1712 | - | 30CrMo12 | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Birta Alloy Dhexdhexaad | W1 | 1.1545 | C105W1 | BW1A | 1880kii | Y 105 | F.5118 | SK 3 | C100 KU |
L3 | 1.2067 | 100Cr6 | BL 3 | (2140) | Y 100 C 6 | F.520 L | - | - | |
L2 | 1.2210 | 115 CrV 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
P20 + S | 1.2312 | 40 CrMnMoS 8 6 | - | - | 40 CMD 8 +S | X210CrW12 | - | - | |
- | 1.2419 | 105WCr6 | - | 2140 | 105W C 13 | F.5233 | SKS 31 | 107WCr5KU | |
O1 | 1.2510 | 100 MnCrW 4 | BO1 | - | 90MnWCrV5 | F.5220 | (SK53) | 95MnWCr5KU | |
S1 | 1.2542 | 45 WCrV 7 | BS1 | 2710 | 55W20 | F.5241 | - | 45WCrV8KU | |
4340 | 1.6582 | 34 CrNiMo 6 | 817 M 40 | 2541 | 35 NCD 6 | F.1280 | SNCM 447 | 35NiCrMo6KB | |
5120 | 1.7147 | 20 MnCr 5 | - | - | 20 MC 5 | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Qalabka iyo Biraha Alloy High | D3 | 1.2080 | X210 Cr 12 | BD3 | 2710 | Z200 C 12 | F.5212 | SKD 1 | X210Cr13KU |
P20 | 1.2311 | 40CrMnMo 7 | - | - | 40 CMD 8 | F.5263 | - | - | |
H13 | 1.2344 | X40CrMoV 5 1 | BH13 | 2242 | Z40 CDV 5 | F.5318 | SKD 61 | X40CrMoV511KU | |
A2 | 1.2363 | X100 CrMoV 5 1 | BA2 | 2260 | Z 100 CDV 5 | F.5227 | SKD 12 | X100CrMoV51KU | |
D2 | 1.2379 | X155 CrMoV 12 1 | BD2 | 2310 | Z 160 CDV 12 | F.520.A | SKD11 | X155CrVMo121KU | |
D4 (D6) | 1.2436 | X210 CrW 12 | BD6 | 2312 | Z 200 CD 12 | F.5213 | SKD 2 | X215CrW121KU | |
H21 | 1.2581 | X30WCrV9 3 | BH21 | - | Z 30 WCV 9 | F.526 | SKD5 | X30WCrV 9 3 KU | |
L6 | 1.2713 | 55NiCrMoV 6 | - | - | 55 NCDV 7 | F.520.S | SKT4 | - | |
M 35 | 1.3243 | S6/5/2/5 | BM 35 | 2723 | 6-5-2-5 | F.5613 | SKH 55 | HS6-5-5 | |
M 2 | 1.3343 | S6/5/2 | BM2 | 2722 | Z 85 WDCV | F.5603 | SKH 51 | HS6-5-2-2 | |
M 7 | 1.3348 | S2/9/2 | - | 2782 | 292 | - | - | HS2-9-2 | |
HW 3 | 1.4718 | X45CrSi 9 3 | 401 S 45 | - | Z 45 CS 9 | F.3220 | SUH1 | X45CrSi8 | |
- | 1.7321 | 20 MoCr 4 | - | 2625 | - | F.1523 | - | 30CrMo4 | |
Birta Xoog-Xoogga Sare | A128 (A) | 1.3401 | G-X120 Mn 12 | BW10 | 2183 | Z 120 M 12 | F.8251 | SCMnH 1 | GX120Mn12 |
AwoodahaAasaaska Maalgelinta Maalgashiga:
• Cabirka ugu badan: 1,000 mm × 800 mm × 500 mm
• Qiyaasta Miisaanka: 0.5 kg - 100 kg
• Awood Sannadeedka: 2,000 oo tan
• Qalabka dammaanadda ee Dhismaha Shell: Silica Sol, Muraayadaha Biyaha iyo isku-darkooda.
Dulqaadyada: Codsiga.
Faa'iidooyinkaQaybaha Kaabista Maalgashiga:
- Dhammaystir dusha sare oo heer sare ah oo siman
- Dulqaad adag oo cabbir ah.
- qaabab isku dhafan oo qalafsan oo leh dabacsanaan naqshadeed
- Awoodda lagu tuuro gidaarada khafiifka ah, sidaas awgeed waa qayb ka fudfudud
- Xulasho ballaadhan oo ah biraha la shubay iyo alloys (ferrous iyo non-ferrous)
- Qabyo looma baahna naqshadaynta caaryada.
- Iska yaree baahida mashiinada labaad.
- Qashinka alaabta hoose.
Qalabka loogu talagalayMaalgelinta MaalgelintaGeedi socodka at RMC Foundry | |||
Qaybta | Heerka Shiinaha | Heerka US | Heerka Jarmalka |
Ferritic Stainless Steel | 1Cr17, 022Cr12, 10Cr17, | 430, 431, 446, CA-15, CA6N, CA6NM | 1.4000, 1.4005, 1.4008, 1.4016, GX22CrNi17, GX4CrNi13-4 |
Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13, | 410, 420, 430, 440B, 440C | 1.4021, 1.4027, 1.4028, 1.4057, 1.4059, 1.4104, 1.4112, 1.4116, 1.4120, 1.4122, 1.4125 |
Austenitic ahama | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr25Ni20, 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 03Cr18Ni16Mo5 | 302, 303, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 329, CF3, CF3M, CF8, CF8M, CN7M, CN3MN | 1.3960, 1.4301, 1.4305, 1.4306, 1.4308, 1.4313, 1.4321, 1.4401, 1.4403, 1.4404, 1.4405, 1.4404.8. 1.4435, 1.4436, 1.4539, 1.4550, 1.4552, 1.4581, 1.4582, 1.4584, |
Roobab Adkeynaysa Birta Aan Lahayn | 05Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb, 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb | 630, 634, 17-4PH, 15-5PH, CB7Cu-1 | 1.4542 |
Duplex Stainless Steel | 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N, 022Cr25Ni6Mo2N | A 890 1C, A 890 1A, A 890 3A, A 890 4A, A 890 5A, A 995 1B, A 995 4A, A 995 5A, 2205, 2507 | 1.4460, 1.4462, 1.4468, 1.4469, 1.4517, 1.4770 |
High Mn Steel | ZGMn13-1, ZGMn13-3, ZGMn13-5 | B2, B3, B4 | 1.3802, 1.3966, 1.3301, 1.3302 |
Qalabka Birta | Cr12 | A5, H12, S5 | 1.2344, 1.3343, 1.4528, GXCrMo17, X210Cr13, GX162CrMoV12 |
Birta u adkaysata kulaylka | 20Cr25Ni20, 16Cr23Ni13, 45Cr14Ni14W2Mo | 309, 310, CK20, CH20, HK30 | 1.4826, 1.4828, 1.4855, 1.4865 |
Alloy-saldhigga Nickle | HASTELLY-C, HASTELLY-X, SUPPER22H, CW-2M, CW-6M, CW-12MW, CX-2MW, HX(66Ni-17Cr), MRE-2, NA-22H, NW-22, M30C, M-35 -1, INCOLOY600, INCOLOY625 | 2.4815, 2.4879, 2.4680 | |
Aluminium Alloy | ZL101, ZL102, ZL104 | ASTM A356, ASTM A413, ASTM A360 | G-AlSi7Mg, G-Al12 |
Daawaha Copper | H96, H85, H65, HPb63-3, HPb59-1, QSn6.5-0.1, QSn7-0.2 | C21000, C23000, C27000, C34500, C37710, C86500, C87600, C87400, C87800, C52100, C51100 | CuZn5, CuZn15, CuZn35, CuZn36Pb3, CuZn40Pb2, CuSn10P1, CuSn5ZnPb, CuSn5Zn5Pb5 |
Cobalt-saldhig Alloy | UMC50, 670, Fasalka 31 | 2.4778 |
Dulqaadyada MAALGASHIGA | |||
Inches | millimitir | ||
Cabirka | Dulqaad | Cabirka | Dulqaad |
Ilaa 0.500 | ±.004" | Ilaa 12.0 | ± 0.10mm |
0.500 ilaa 1,000” | ±.006" | 12.0 ilaa 25.0 | ± 0.15mm |
1.000 ilaa 1.500” | ±.008" | 25.0 ilaa 37.0 | ± 0.20mm |
1.500 ilaa 2,000” | ±.010" | 37.0 ilaa 50.0 | ± 0.25mm |
2.000 ilaa 2.500” | ±.012" | 50.0 ilaa 62.0 | ± 0.30mm |
2.500 ilaa 3.500” | ±.014" | 62.0 ilaa 87.0 | ± 0.35mm |
3.500 ilaa 5,000” | ±.017" | 87.0 ilaa 125.0 | ± 0.40mm |
5.000 ilaa 7.500” | ±.020" | 125.0 ilaa 190.0 | ± 0.50mm |
7.500 ilaa 10,000" | ±.022" | 190.0 ilaa 250.0 | ± 0.57mm |
10.000 ilaa 12.500" | ±.025" | 250.0 ilaa 312.0 | ± 0.60mm |
12.500 ilaa 15.000 | ±.028" | 312.0 ilaa 375.0 | ± 0.70mm |