Daawaynta dusha birta ahi waa hab si macmal ah loogu samaynayo lakabka dusha sare ee shay bir ah oo ka duwan qalabka farsamada, jidhka iyo kiimikaad ee saldhiga. Ujeedada daaweynta dusha sare waa in la buuxiyo caabbinta daxalka ee alaabta, xirashada caabbinta, qurxinta ama shuruudaha kale ee shaqada ee gaarka ah. Duubista biraha ah, hababkayaga daaweynta dusha ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa: dhalaalidda farsamada, daaweynta kiimikaad, daaweynta kulaylka oogada, iyo dusha la buufiyo. Daawaynta dusha sare ee shubista biraha waa in la nadiifiyo, la xaaqo, la nadiifiyo, la nadiifiyo, oo la nadiifiyo oogada shaqada.
Waxaa jira laba sharraxaad oo loogu talagalay daaweynta dusha sare. Mid ka mid ah waa daaweynta guud ee dusha sare, oo ay ku jiraan habab badan oo jireed iyo kiimiko oo ay ku jiraan ka-hortag, electroplating, rinjiyeynta, oksaydhka kiimikada, buufinta kulaylka, iwm.; Midda kale waa daawaynta dusha oo cidhiidhi ah oo qeexan. Taasi waa, ka baaraandegidda kaliya oo ay ku jiraan ciid-qarxinta, suufka, iwm., taas oo ah waxa aan inta badan u yeerno daaweynta ka hor.
| Daaweynta Dusha sare | Codsiyada |
| Dajinta Zinc | Shubka birta daawaha ah, shubida birta kaarboon, qaybo ka samaysan birta budada ah |
| Dahaarka Zinc aan koronto lahayn | Zinc qani ah oo aan koronto lahayn oo ku yaal qaybaha birta |
| Plating Nickel-la'aan | Ku dhejinta nikkel koronto la'aanta ah ee birta, birta aan lahayn, aluminium, iyo qaybo naxaas ah |
| Tin-Zinc Plating | Tin-zinc oo lagu dhejiyo qaybaha birta |
| Plating Chromium | Shubadaha birta daawaha ah, shubida alwaaxa ku salaysan naxaasta |
| Nikel Plating | Ku dhejinta nikkel koronto la'aanta ah ee birta, birta aan lahayn, iyo qaybaha aluminiumka |
| Chrome-Nickel Plating | Qaybaha naxaasta, qaybo naxaas ah |
| Zinc Nickel Plating | Biraha wax lagu shubo, naxaasta wax lagu shubo, qaybaha shubidda naxaasta ah |
| Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating | Copper-Nickel-Chromium Ku dhejinta birta, birta aan la taaban karin, qaybo aluminium ah |
| Dajinta Copper | Ku dhejinta qaybaha birta |
| Anodizing | Anodizing iyo anodizing adag on profile aluminium, machining iyo dhiman tuuray qaybo aluminium |
| Rinjiyeynta | Rinjiyeynta iyo filimka qalalan ee birta, aluminium, birta, iyo qaybaha birta |
| Nadiifinta aysiidhka | Nadiifinta aysiidhka ee shubka birta ah, qaybaha kulaylka lagu daweeyay, daawaynta super, alloy aluminium, iyo qaybaha aluminium alloy |
| Dareenka | Passivation ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee birta ahama |
| Fosfatinta | Zinc iyo manganese phosphating ee shubka caadiga ah iyo qaybaha mishiinka |
| Electrophoresis | Electrophoresis on qaybaha birta |
| Politics Electrolytic | Daalidda korantada ee qaybaha birta ah ee aan lahayn |
| Sawirka Siliga | Qaybaha birta ah ee birta ah ee shubka, alxanka iyo been-abuurka |
1. Daawaynta Dusha sare
In habka of processing, gaadiidka, kaydinta, iwm, dusha workpieces biraha inta badan uu leeyahay miisaanka oksaydh, ciid wax ku daxaluq, alxanka slag, boodhka, saliidda iyo wasakh kale. Si dahaarka si adag loogu dhejiyo dusha sare ee shaqada, dusha sare ee shaqada waa in la nadiifiyaa ka hor rinjiyeynta. Haddii kale, kaliya ma saameyn doonto xoogga isku-xidhka iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ee birta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay sameeyaan birta saldhigga xitaa haddii la daboolay. Waxay sii wadi kartaa inay hoos u dhigto ilaalinta lakabka, taasoo keenaysa in dahaarka uu ka soo baxo, saameynaya sifooyinka farsamada iyo nolosha adeegga shaqada. Waxaa la arki karaa in ujeedada pretreatment dusha of workpieces biraha waa in la bixiyo substrate wanaagsan oo ku habboon shuruudaha daahan, helaan lakabka ilaalinta ee tayada wanaagsan, iyo dheerayn nolosha adeegga alaabta.
2. Daawaynta Makaanikada
Inta badan waxaa ka mid ah polishing burush rullaluistemadka, rasaas qarxinta iyo ciid foori.
Daalidda burushka ayaa ah in rullaluistemadka buraashka uu wado matoorka, rullaluhu buraashka ayaa si xawli ah ugu wareegaya dusha sare iyo hoose ee falinka jihada ka soo horjeeda dhaqdhaqaaqa gabal-rogid si looga saaro miisaanka oksaydhka. Miisaanka oksaydhka birta ee buraashka ah waxaa lagu dhaqaa nidaamka qaboojinta wareega wareega ee xiran.
Shot qarxinta waa habka loo isticmaalo xoogga centrifugal si loo dardar geliyo madfaca oo loogu dhejiyo goobta shaqada si looga saaro miridhku iyo nadiifinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarxinta rasaastu waxay leedahay dabacsanaan liidata waxaana xadiday goobta. Waa indho la'aan yar marka la nadiifinayo qaybta shaqada, wayna fududahay in la soo saaro geeso dhintay oogada gudaha ee shaqada oo aan la nadiifin karin. Qaab dhismeedka qalabku waa mid adag, waxaa jira qaybo badan oo xiran, gaar ahaan bacaha iyo qaybaha kale ayaa si degdeg ah u xira, saacadaha dayactirka waa badan yihiin, kharashkuna waa qaali, maalgelinta hal mar ah ayaa badan. Isticmaalka qarxinta rasaasta daaweynta dusha sare, xoogga saameyntu waa weyn tahay, iyo saameynta nadiifinta waa caddahay.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daawaynta saxan khafiif ah workpieces by toogashada toogtaan si fudud u qallafsan karaa workpiece ah, iyo shot birta ku dhufto dusha workpiece ah (dhibaato rasaasta rasaasta ama toogashada toogan) si ay u qaabeeyaan substrate biraha. Sababtoo ah oxide ferroferric iyo ferroferric oxide ma laha caag, waa la jebin doonaa. Ka dib marka la diiriyo, filimka saliidda ayaa si wadajir ah u beddelma walxaha, markaa qarxinta rasaasta iyo qarxinta rasaastu si buuxda uma saari karaan wasakhda saliidda ee qaybta shaqada ee leh wasakhowga saliidda. Waxaa ka mid ah hababka daaweynta dusha ee jira ee loogu talagalay workpieces, saamaynta nadiifinta ugu fiican waa ciid. Ciid-qarxinta waxay ku habboon tahay nadiifinta dusha sare ee shaqada oo leh shuruudo sare.
3. Daaweynta Plasma
Plasma waa ururinta qaybo togan oo si togan loo dallacay iyo qaybo taban (ay ku jiraan ion togan, ion negative, electrons, radicals free iyo kooxo kala duwan oo firfircoon, iwm.). Eedaha togan iyo kuwa taban waa siman yihiin. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo yaqaan Plasma, oo ah gobolka afraad ee maaddadu ay ku jirto marka lagu daro xaaladaha adag, dareeraha, iyo gaseous state-plasma state. Mashiinka dusha sare ee balaasmaha waxa uu ka kooban yahay koronto dhaliyaha balasmaha, dhuumaha gaaska gaynta iyo biibiile balaasmaha ah. Koronto-dhaliyaha balasmaha wuxuu abuuraa tamar-sare iyo tamar-sare ee tuubada birta birta ah si loo dhaqaajiyo loona xakameeyo si loo dhaliyo balaasmaha heerkulka hooseeya ee qulqulka dhalaalka, iyada oo la kaashanayo hawo ciriiri ah Plasma ayaa lagu buufiyaa dusha sare ee shaqada.
Marka balaasmaha iyo dusha shayga la warshadeeyay ay kulmaan, shaygu wuu isbedelaa waxaana dhacda falcelin kiimikaad. Dusha sare waa la nadiifiyay, iyo wasakhowga hydrocarbon sida dufan iyo wax lagu daro kaaliyaha waa laga saaray, ama la xoqay oo la qallafiyay, ama la sameeyay lakab cufan oo isku xiran, ama la keenay kooxaha polar-ka oksijiinta ku jira (hydroxyl, carboxyl), kuwan kooxdu waxay leedahay saamaynta kor u qaadida adhesion ee alaabta daahan kala duwan, oo waxaa lagu hagaajiyay in adhesion iyo codsiyada rinjiga. Isla saameyn la mid ah, codsiga dusha daaweynta balaasmaha waxay heli kartaa dusha sare ee dhuuban ee dhuuban, taas oo faa'iido u leh isku-xidhka, daboolka iyo daabacaadda. Looma baahna mishiinno kale, daawaynta kiimikaad iyo qaybo kale oo xoog leh si loo kordhiyo dhejinta.
4. Habka Electrochemical
Daawaynta dusha sare ee korantada waxay isticmaasha falcelinta korantada si ay u samaysato dahaarka dusha sare ee shaqada, kaas oo inta badan ka mid ah korantada iyo oxidation anodic.
Marka workpiece waa cathode in xal electrolyte ah. Habka sameynta dahaarka dusha sare ee hoos yimaada ficilka qulqulka dibadda waxaa loo yaqaan 'electroplating'. Lakabku wuxuu noqon karaa bir, alloy, semiconductor ama ka kooban qaybo adag oo kala duwan, sida dahaadhka naxaasta, dahaadhka nikkel, iwm.
Inta lagu jiro xalka elektrolytka, workpiece waa anode ah. Habka sameynta filimka oksaydhka ee dusha sare ee hoos yimaada ficilka hadda jira ee dibadda waxaa loo yaqaan 'anodization', sida anodization of aluminium alloy. Daaweynta oksaydhka ee birta waxaa lagu samayn karaa habab kiimiko ama kiimiko kiimiko ah. Habka kiimikaad waa in la geliyo workpiece in xal oksaydhaynta, oo ku tiirsan fal kiimikaad si ay u sameeyaan filim oksaydh ah oogada ee workpiece, sida bluing of birta.
5. Hababka Kiimikada
Daaweynta dusha sare ee habka kiimikaad ma laha wax saameyn ah hadda, waxayna isticmaashaa isdhexgalka walxaha kiimikada si ay u sameeyaan lakabka dahaadhka dusha sare ee shaqada. Hababka ugu muhiimsan waa daaweynta daahan beddelka kiimikaad iyo dahaadhay koronto la'aan.
In xal electrolyte, workpiece bir ah ma laha fal dibadda ah hadda, iyo walxaha kiimikaad ee xal la falgalaan workpiece si ay u sameeyaan daahan on ay dushiisa, kaas oo loo yaqaan daaweynta film beddelka kiimikada. Sida bluing, fosfating, passivation, iyo daaweynta cusbada chromium ee dusha birta ah. Xalka elektrolytka, dusha sare ee workpiece waxaa lagu daaweeyaa kicinta iyada oo aan saameyn ku yeelan hadda dibadda. Xalka, sababtoo ah hoos u dhigista walxaha kiimikada, habka loo dhigo walxaha qaarkood ee dusha sare ee workpiece si ay u sameeyaan daahan waxaa loo yaqaan 'electroless plating', sida nikkel electroless, plating electroless copper, iwm.
6. Habka Kululaynta
Habka habaynta kulul ayaa ah in la dhalaaliyo ama kuleyl ahaan lagu faafiyo walxaha hoos yimaada xaaladaha heerkulka sare si loo sameeyo daahan dusha sare ee workpiece. Hababka ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota:
1) Dusha sare ee Kulul
Habka gelinta birta birta ah ee birta dhalaalaysa si ay u samaysato dahaadh dusha sare ah waxaa loo yaqaannaa dahaadh-kulul, sida galvanizing-ku-kulul iyo aluminium-kulul.
2) Ku buufinta kulaylka
Habka atomizing birta dhalaalaysa oo lagu buufiyo dusha sare ee workpiece si ay u sameeyaan daahan waxaa loo yaqaan buufinta kulaylka, sida ku buufinta kulaylka zinc iyo kulaylka buufin aluminium.
3) Ku-Shaabadeynta Kulul
Habka kululaynta iyo cadaadidda biraha birta ah ee dusha sare ee workpiece si ay u sameeyaan lakabka daahan waxaa loo yaqaan stamping kulul, sida bireed aluminium shaabad kulul.
4) Daaweynta Kulaylka Kiimikada
Habka ay workpiece waa in ay la xiriirto walxaha kiimikaad iyo kulayl, iyo element gaar ah galaa dusha workpiece heerkulka sare waxaa loo yaqaan daaweynta kulaylka kiimikada, sida nitriding iyo carburizing.
7. Electrophoresis
Electrode ahaan, workpiece waxaa la gelinayaa rinjiga biyaha-milmi leh ama biyo-emulsified, oo waxay sameeyaan wareeg ah la electrode kale ee rinjiga. Marka la eego ficilka beerta korantada, xalka daahan ayaa loo kala qaybiyay ions resin charged, cations waxay u guuraan cathode, iyo anions waxay u guuraan anode. Iions resin-ka ee la dallacay, oo ay la socdaan qaybaha midabada la qurxiyay, ayaa korantada lagu dhejiyay dusha shaqada si ay u sameeyaan dahaar. Habkaan waxaa loo yaqaan electrophoresis.
8. Buufinta Electrostatic
Iyada oo la raacayo ficilka garoon koronto-sare oo DC ah, qaybaha rinjiga ee sida xun loo dallacay ayaa lagu hagayaa in ay u duulaan shaqada si togan u dallacday si ay u helaan filim rinji, kaas oo loo yaqaan buufinta static.
Waqtiga boostada: Seb-12-2021