Tuubitaanka birta u adkaysta kulaylka waa qaybo laga tuuray birta daawaha u adkaysta kulaylka sida alaabta ceeriin. Marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulka sare, birta leh caabbinta oksaydhka, xoogga heerkulka sare ee ku filan iyo caabbinta kulaylka wanaagsan waxaa loo yaqaannaa birta u adkaysata kulaylka. Birta kulaylka u adkaysata waxa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc: birta u adkaysata oksaydhaynta iyo birta kulaylka u adkaysata iyadoo loo eegayo sifadeeda. Birta ka-hortagga oksaydhisku waxa kale oo loo tixraacaa birta aan maqaarka lahayn. Birta xoogga leh ee kulul waxaa loola jeedaa birta leh iska caabbinta oksaydhka wanaagsan ee heerkulka sare iyo xoogga heerkulka sare. Xaalad isku mid ah kiimikaad isku mid ah, gobolka sida-kabka ah ayaa leh awood kulaylka ka sarreeya kan gobolka duuban. Qaybaha birta ee kulaylka u adkaysta ayaa qayb weyn ku leh goobta birta u adkaysata.
Qaar ka mid ah birta u adkeysata kulaylka-sare waa ay adag tahay in la farsameeyo oo la qaabeeyo. Wax-soo-saarka wax-soo-saarka ma aha oo kaliya ka kharash-ool badan alaabooyinka duuban, laakiin sidoo kale wax-shubashadu waxay leeyihiin awood dulqaad sare leh. Sidaa darteed, birta shubka u adkeysata kulaylka waxay ku jirtaa qayb aad u badan oo ah birta u adkaysata kulaylka. Marka laga reebo tuurista ciidda, farsamooyinka tuurista saxda ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa si loo helo badeecooyin leh sagxadaha siman iyo cabbirka saxda ah. Ku shubista Centrifugal waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa tuubooyinka foornada heerkulka sare ee dildilaaca ammonia synthetic iyo ethylene
Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka metallographiga ah ee gobolka caadiga ah, birta kabka kulaylka u adkaysata waxaa loo qaybin karaa afar qaybood: birta kulaylka u adkaysata pearlite, birta kulaylka martensitic, birta kulaylka u adkaysata, iyo birta austenitic kulaylka u adkaysata.
1. Birta kabka ah ee kulaylka u adkaysta Pearlitic
Walxaha daawaynta ee birta kabka u adkaysta kulaylka pearlite waxay u badan yihiin chromium iyo molybdenum, iyo wadarta cadadka guud ahaan kama badna 5%. Marka lagu daro pearlite iyo ferrite, qaabdhismeedkeedu wuxuu kaloo leeyahay bainite. Noocan birta ah ayaa leh awood heerkul sare oo wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka habka 500-600 ℃. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo qaybo kulaylka u adkaysta ka hooseeya 600 ℃, sida tuubooyinka birta kululeeyaha, impellers marawaxadaha uumiga, rotors, xidhe, weelasha cadaadis-sare, dhuumaha, iwm. Darajooyinka caadiga ah waa: 16Mo, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, 12Cr2MoWVTiB, 110 , 25Cr2Mo1V, 20Cr3MoWV, iwm.
Daawaynta kulaylka ee birta u adkaysta kulaylka pearlite inta badan waa caadi ama la demiyo oo la xanaaqaa si loo helo qaab dhismeed deggan, sifooyin farsamo oo dhammaystiran oo wanaagsan iyo xoogga loo baahan yahay marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulka sare.
2. Birta Cast ee kulaylka u adkaysta Martensitic
Maaddada chromium ee birta kabka kulaylka adkaysi u leh guud ahaan waa 7-13%. Waxay leedahay awood heerkul sare sare leh, caabbinta oksaydhka iyo iska caabbinta uumiga biyaha ee ka hooseeya 650 ℃, laakiin weldabilitykeedu waa liitaa. 1Cr13, 2Cr13 oo ka kooban ilaa 12% chromium, iyo darajooyin bir ah oo lagu sameeyay habkan sida 1Cr11MoV, 1Cr12WMoV, 2Cr12WMoNbVB iyo Alloys kale ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo marawaxadaha marawaxadaha, saxannada, ulaha, xidhiyaasha, iwm iwm. loo isticmaalo soo saarida qiiqa qiiqa ee matoorada gubashada gudaha ayaa sidoo kale ah birta kuleylka u adkeysata ee martensitic.
Habka daawaynta kulaylka caadiga ah ee shubista birta u adkaysta kulaylka martensitic waa caadi + xanaaq.
3. Ferritic Heat-U adkaysta Birta Cas
Birta kabka kulaylka u adkaysta ee Ferritic waxay ka kooban tahay chromium badan, aluminium, silicon iyo walxo kale, samaynta qaab-dhismeedka ferrite ee hal-waji ah, kaas oo leh iska caabin oksaydh oo wanaagsan iyo iska caabin gaaska heerkulkiisu sarreeyo, laakiin xooggooda heerkulka sare waa hooseeyaa, heerkulka qolka waa ka weyn yahay iyo weldability waa liidata. Sida 1Cr13SiAl, 1Cr25Si2, iwm. Birta kabka u adkaysta kulaylka Ferritic ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo qaybo sita culays hoose oo u baahan iska caabin oksaydh heerkul sare ah.
Daawaynta kulaylka ee shubista birta kulaylka u adkaysata waxay guud ahaan qabataa soo-jiidashada si loo yareeyo walbahaarka, ka dibna qaboojin degdeg ah (si ay dhaqso ugu gudubto aagga jilicsan ee 400-500 ℃).
4. Birta kabka ah ee kuleylka u adkaysta Austenitic
Birta kabka ah ee kulaylka u adkeysata Austenitic waxay ka kooban tahay waxyaabo badan oo austenite-sameeya sida nikkel, manganese, nitrogen, iwm., heerkulka ka sarreeya 600 ° C, waxay leedahay awood heerkul sare oo wanaagsan iyo xasillooni qaabdhismeed, iyo waxqabadka alxanka wanaagsan. Caadi ahaan waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii walxo kuleyl ah oo ka shaqaynaysa in ka badan 600°C. Darajooyinka caadiga ah waa 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321), 1Cr23Ni13 (309), 0Cr25Ni20 (310S), 1Cr25Ni20Si2 (314), 2Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, iwm.
Austenitic anti-oxidation steel waxaa lagu daawayn karaa daawaynta kulaylka xal heerkul sare ah si loo helo qallafsanaanta qabowga wanaagsan. Birta kulul ee Austenitic waxaa marka hore lagu daaweeyaa xal heerkul sare ah, ka dibna daaweynta gabowga waxaa lagu sameeyaa 60-100 ℃ ka sarreeya heerkulka isticmaalka si loo dejiyo qaab dhismeedka iyo soo dedejinta wajiga labaad si loo xoojiyo matrixka.
Isticmaalka Kuleyl u adkaysiga birta shubka
Birta kulaylka u adkeysata ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro qaybo iyo qaybo ka shaqeeya heerkulka sare ee qaybaha warshadaha sida kuleyliyaha, marawaxadaha uumiga, mishiinada korontada, foornooyinka warshadaha, iyo duulista iyo warshadaha petrochemical. Marka lagu daro xoogga heerkulka sare iyo oksaydhka heerkulka sare iyo caabbinta daxalka, qaybahani waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin adkeysi ku filan, shaqeyn wanaagsan iyo alxanka, iyo heer gaar ah oo xasilloonida qaabdhismeedka iyadoo loo eegayo isticmaalka kala duwan.
Qaar ka mid ah darajooyinka Heat Aloy Alloy Steel iyo Codsiyadooda | |
| Heerka Birta | Heerkulka shaqayn kara iyo Codsiyada |
| 00Cr12 | Heerkulka Anti-oxidation 600 ~ 700 ℃, loo isticmaalo sida heerkulka sare, jidhka cadaadiska sare, gubanaya |
| 0Cr13Al | Heerkulka lagu dabaqi karo inta u dhaxaysa 700 ~ 800 ℃, daabka kombaresarada gaaska |
| 1Cr17 | Anti-oxidation heerkulka ka hooseeya 900 ℃, loo isticmaalo sida qaybo heerkul sare ah iyo nozzles foornooyinka |
| 1Cr12 | Iska caabin Oxidation iyo heerkulka sare ee heerkulka kala duwan ee 600 ~ 700 ℃ oo loo isticmaalo qaybo ka mid ah heerkulka sare ee marawaxadaha marawaxadaha, nozzles, iyo kulayliyaha valves. |
| 1Cr13 | Heerkulka iska caabinta oksaydhisku waa 700 ~ 800 ℃, isticmaalkeeduna waa mid la mid ah kan birta 1Cr12 |
| 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti | Heerkulka ka-hortagga oksaydhka ee ka hooseeya 870 ℃, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida kuleyliyaha kuleyliyaha tuubbada dusha sare, qaybaha foornada kululaynta, kulaylka beddelka, foornada muffle, beddelaha, biibiile |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr18Ni11Nb | Waxay u adkaysataa daxalka heerkulka sare iyo oksaydhka ee kala duwanaanta heerkulka 400 ~ 900 ℃, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa qalabyada tuubooyinka kuwaas oo heerkulkoodu ka hooseeyo 850 ℃ |
| 0Cr23Ni13 | Heerkulka ka-hortagga oksaydhka ilaa 980 ℃, loo isticmaalo tuubada dabka guba, daabka marawaxadaha uumiga, jidhka foornada kululaynta, aaladda beddelka methane, aaladda kala soocida heerkulka sare |
| 0Cr25Ni20 | Heerkulka anti-oxidation ilaa 1035 ℃, loo isticmaalo kululaynta qaybaha foornada; qaybaha nidaamka gudbinta gaaska leh heerkulka ka hooseeya 950 ℃ |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr19Ni13Mo2 | Heerkulka anti-oxidation ma aha mid ka hooseeya 870 ℃, heerkulka shaqada waa 600 ~ 750 ℃, tuubooyinka kulaylka iyo qalabka foornada ee warshadaha kiimikada iyo sifaynta saliidda. |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | Qaybaha xamaarka heerkulka sare leh ee heerkulka shaqada ka hooseeya 550 ℃ |
Waqtiga post: Seb-10-2021