Daawaha ku salaysan Cobalt waa daawaha adag oo u adkeysan kara noocyada kala duwan ee xirashada, daxalka iyo oksaydhka heerkulka sare. Alaabooyinka ku salaysan Cobalt waxay ku salaysan yihiin kobalt oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan, oo ka kooban qadar aad u badan oo nikkel ah, walxo kiimiko ah sida chromium, tungsten iyo qadar yar oo ah walxo alloying ah sida molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, lanthanum, iyo marmar birta. . Marka loo eego sida ay u kala duwan yihiin alxanka, daawaynta ku salaysan cobalt waxa laga samayn karaa silig alxanka, iyo budada waxa loo isticmaali karaa alxanka adag dusha sare, buufin kulaylka, alxanka buufin iyo hababka kale, iyo sidoo kale waxaa laga samayn karaatuurid, foornada iyo qaybaha birta budada ah. Waxaa loo kala saaray isticmaalka dhamaadka, daawaha ku salaysan cobalt waxa loo qaybin karaa daawaha u adkaysta xidhashada ku salaysan cobalt, alwaaxyada kulaylka sare ku salaysan ee cobalt iyo xalalka cobalt-ku salaysan daxalka u adkaysta. Guud ahaan xaaladaha hawlgalka, labaduba waa kuwo u adkaysta xidhashada iyo heerkulka sare ee u adkaysta ama u adkaysta iyo daxalka u adkaysta. Qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha hawlgalka waxay sidoo kale u baahan karaan heerkulka sare, xirashada iyo iska caabinta daxalka isku mar. Marka ay sii adkaadaan xaaladaha shaqada, ayaa si cad u muuqda faa'iidooyinka alwaaxyada ku salaysan cobalt.
Guryaha Alloys-ku-salaysan Cobalt
Carbides-yada ugu muhiimsan ee superalloys-ku-saleysan waa MC, M23C6 iyo M6C. Alloys-ku-salaysan kabka ah, M23C6 waxa ay u dhexaysaa xudduudaha hadhuudhka iyo dendrites inta lagu jiro qaboojin gaabis ah. Alloysyada qaarkood, ganaaxa M23C6 wuxuu samayn karaa eutectic leh matrix γ. Qaybaha carbide ee MC aad bay u weyn yihiin si ay si toos ah saameyn weyn ugu yeeshaan kala-baxyada, sidaas darteed saameynta xoojinta ee daawadu maaha mid cad, halka carbide si fiican loo kala firdhiyey ay leedahay saameyn xoojin wanaagsan. Carbides-yada ku yaal soohdinta hadhuudhka (badanaa M23C6) waxay ka hortagi karaan silbashada xadka badarka, si ay u wanaajiso xoogga dulqaadka. Qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ee kobalt-ku-salaysan superalloy HA-31 (X-40) waa weji xoojin ah oo kala firdhiyey (CoCrW) 6 nooca carbide ah. Wajiyada dusha sare ee xirxiran ee ka muuqda qaar ka mid ah alwaaxyada kobalt-ku-saleysan, sida wajiga sigma waa waxyeello oo waxay ka dhigtaa daawaha jajaban.
Xasiloonida kulaylka ee carbides ee daawaha ku salaysan cobalt waa wanaagsan tahay. Marka heerkulku kordho, heerka kobaca isku-ururinta carbide wuu ka gaabiyaa heerka kobaca wejiga γ ee alloy-ku-salaysan nikkel, iyo heerkulka dib-u-ku-milaanka shaxanka ayaa sidoo kale ka sarreeya (ilaa 1100 ° C) . Sidaa darteed, marka heerkulku kor u kaco, daawaynta kobalt-ku-salaysan Awoodda daawaha guud ahaan si tartiib tartiib ah ayey hoos ugu dhacdaa. Alwaaxyada Cobalt-ku-saleysan waxay leeyihiin iska caabin kulayleed wanaagsan. Sababta ay alwaaxyada cobalt-ku-saleysan ay uga sarreeyaan aluminium-ku-saleysan nikkel marka loo eego tan waa in barta dhalaalka ee kobalt sulfide (sida Co-Co4S3 eutectic, 877 ℃) ay ka sarreyso tan nikkel (Tusaale, Ni-Ni3S2 eutectic). (645°C) aad buu u sarreeyaa, heerka faafidda baaruudda ee kobaltkuna aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa tan nikkel iyo sababta oo ah inta badan Alloys-ku-salaysan waxay leeyihiin maaddo chromium ka sarreeya marka loo eego nikkel-ku-salaysan, waxay samayn karaan lakab ilaalin ah oo ah sulfate birta alkali ah (sida lakabka ilaalinta Cr2O3 ee Na2SO4) ee dusha sare ee daawaha Alloys-ku-salaysan kobalt-ku guud ahaan aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa kan alwaaxyada ku salaysan nikkel.
Ka duwan superalloys-ka kale, kobalt-ku-saleysan superalloys laguma xoojiyo wejiga roobaadka la amray ee si adag ugu xiran shaxanka, laakiin waxay ka kooban yihiin austenite fcc matrix kaas oo la xoojiyay xal adag iyo qadar yar oo karbides ah oo lagu qaybiyay shaxanka. Samaynta kobalt-ku-salaysan superalloys waxay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay xoojinta karbidhida. Kiristaalo kobalt saafi ah waxay leeyihiin qaab dhismeed kristal ah oo xidhxidhan (hcp) oo ka hooseeya 417°C, kaas oo u beddela fcc heerkul sare. Si looga fogaado is-beddelkan inta lagu jiro isticmaalka superalloys-ku-saleysan kobalt-ku-saleysan, dhab ahaantii dhammaan alooysyada kobalt-ku-saleysan waxaa lagu dahaaray nikkel si loo xasiliyo qaab-dhismeedka laga bilaabo heerkulka qolka ilaa heerkulka barta dhalaalka. Alloys-ku-saleysan Cobalt waxay leeyihiin xiriir heerkul-kulul jaban oo fidsan, laakiin waxay muujinayaan iska caabbinta kuleylka kuleylka heerkul ka sarreeya 1000 ° C marka loo eego heerkulka kale ee sarreeya.
Hagaajinta kulaylka Alloys-ku-salaysan Cobalt
Baaxadda iyo qaybinta qaybaha karbide iyo cabbirka hadhuudhka ee daawaha kobalt-ku-salaysan ayaa aad xasaasi ugu ahhabka shubista. Si loo gaaro xoogga dulqaadka ee loo baahan yahay iyo sifooyinka daalka kulaylka ee qaybaha shubida daawaha ee cobalt-ku-saleysan, cabbiraadaha habka shubista waa in la xakameeyaa. Alwaaxyada Cobalt-ku-salaysan waxay u baahan yihiin daawaynta kulaylka, badiyaa si loo xakameeyo roobka karbidhiyada. Qalabyada loo yaqaan 'cobalt-based alloys', marka hore samee daweyn xal adag oo heerkul sare ah, badiyaa heerkul ah ilaa 1150 ° C, si dhammaan carbides-ka aasaasiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah carbide-ka nooca MC, loo kala diro xal adag; ka dib, daawaynta gabowga waxaa lagu sameeyaa 870-980 ° C. Mar kale ka dhig karbides inay soo da'aan.
Darajooyinka Guud ee Alloys-ku-salaysan Cobalt
Darajooyinka caadiga ah ee darajooyinka caadiga ah ee ku salaysan heerkulka sare ee cobalt waa: 2.4778 (sida ku cad DIN EN 10295) Hayness 188, Haynes 25 (L-605), Alloy S-816, UMCo-50, MP-159, FSX-414, X -40, Stelite 6B, Fasalka 31, iwm. , Noocyada Shiinaha waa: GH5188 (GH188), GH159, GH605, K640, DZ40M iyo wixii la mid ah.
Codsiyada jilitaanka Alloy ku salaysan ee Cobalt
Guud ahaan, kobalt-ku-salaysan superalloys ayaa ka maqan wejiyo xoojin isku xidhan. Inkasta oo xoogga heerkulka dhexdhexaadka ah uu hooseeyo (kaliya 50-75% ee alwaaxyada nikkel-ku-salaysan), waxay leeyihiin awood sare, caabbinta daalka kulaylka wanaagsan, caabbinta abrasion, alxanka wanaagsan iyo caabbinta kulaylka ka sarreeya heerkulka 980 ° C. Sidaa darteed, shubka daawaha ee ku salaysan cobalt ayaa inta badan ku habboon samaynta hagaha hagaha iyo faashado hagaha matoorada duulista, marawaxadaha gaaska warshadaha, marawaxadaha gaaska badda, iyo nozzles engine naaftada, iwm.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-05-2021